{"id":9161,"date":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/jak-pomaha-beztridni-smerovani-mezi-domenami-omezit-plytvani-ip-adresami\/"},"modified":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","slug":"jak-pomaha-beztridni-smerovani-mezi-domenami-omezit-plytvani-ip-adresami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/jak-pomaha-beztridni-smerovani-mezi-domenami-omezit-plytvani-ip-adresami\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak pom\u00e1h\u00e1 bezt\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi dom\u00e9nami omezit pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed IP adresami?"},"content":{"rendered":"
Technika pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v adresov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed internetov\u00e9ho protokolu (IP) k efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b IP adres se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR). D\u00edky v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed flexibilit\u011b p\u0159i p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed blok\u016f adres, optimalizaci distribuce adres a minimalizaci celkov\u00e9 velikosti sm\u011brovac\u00edch tabulek p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 CIDR k minimalizaci pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed IP adresami. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se budeme zab\u00fdvat v\u00fdhodami CIDR, zp\u016fsoby sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed IP adresami, v\u00fdhodami bezt\u0159\u00eddn\u00edho adresov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdhodami p\u0159ijet\u00ed CIDR. <\/p>\n
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Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s d\u0159\u00edve p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edm syst\u00e9mem adresov\u00e1n\u00ed bez t\u0159\u00edd m\u00e1 CIDR \u0159adu v\u00fdhod. V t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu byly adresy IP rozd\u011bleny do p\u0159edem ur\u010den\u00fdch blok\u016f naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch t\u0159\u00eddy (A, B a C). Ka\u017ed\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda m\u011bla stanoven\u00fd po\u010det s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch a hostitelsk\u00fdch bit\u016f, co\u017e \u010dasto vedlo k neefektivn\u00edmu p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed adres. Nap\u0159\u00edklad s\u00ed\u0165 t\u0159\u00eddy C m\u011bla v\u017edy 24 s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch bit\u016f bez ohledu na to, kolik hostitel\u016f bylo ve skute\u010dnosti pot\u0159eba. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu p\u0159ich\u00e1zelo mnoho IP adres nazmar, zejm\u00e9na u podnik\u016f, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebovaly men\u0161\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. <\/p>\n

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Na druhou stranu CIDR umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed IP adres. Spr\u00e1vci s\u00edt\u00ed nyn\u00ed mohou d\u00edky CIDR p\u0159id\u011blovat IP adresy podle skute\u010dn\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f a neomezovat se p\u0159edem ur\u010den\u00fdmi bloky. D\u00edky CIDR m\u016f\u017ee spole\u010dnost po\u017e\u00e1dat o blok IP adres, kter\u00fd p\u0159esn\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 jej\u00edm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m, a l\u00e9pe tak vyu\u017e\u00edt dostupn\u00fd adresn\u00ed prostor. D\u00edky men\u0161\u00edmu po\u010dtu nevyu\u017eit\u00fdch nebo nedostate\u010dn\u011b vyu\u017eit\u00fdch adres sni\u017euje tato flexibilita pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed IP adresami. <\/p>\n

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CIDR tak\u00e9 zavedl maskov\u00e1n\u00ed pods\u00edt\u011b s prom\u011bnlivou d\u00e9lkou (VLSM), kter\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce sni\u017euje pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed IP adresami. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b po\u010dtu hostitel\u016f pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch v ka\u017ed\u00e9 pods\u00edti umo\u017e\u0148uje VLSM spr\u00e1vc\u016fm s\u00edt\u011b rozd\u011blit blok adres IP na pods\u00edt\u011b prom\u011bnliv\u00e9 velikosti. Tato technika p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed adres zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee podniky pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pouze takov\u00fd po\u010det adres, kter\u00fd je pot\u0159ebn\u00fd pro jejich konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 segmenty, a zamezuje tak nehospod\u00e1rn\u00e9mu p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch blok\u016f adres. <\/p>\n

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V\u00fdhody CIDR a bezt\u0159\u00eddn\u00edho adresov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esahuj\u00ed r\u00e1mec efektivn\u00edho rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed adres. Pom\u00e1haj\u00ed tak\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017eit velikost sm\u011brovac\u00edch tabulek, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje efektivitu sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed v s\u00edti. Jak p\u0159ib\u00fdvalo s\u00edt\u00ed v internetu, sm\u011brovac\u00ed tabulky v syst\u00e9mu t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edho adresov\u00e1n\u00ed se podstatn\u011b zv\u011bt\u0161ovaly. To bylo zp\u016fsobeno rigiditou t\u0159\u00eddn\u00edho adresov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159id\u011blovalo zna\u010dn\u00e9 bloky adres r\u016fzn\u00fdm organizac\u00edm, co\u017e vedlo ke zna\u010dn\u00e9mu po\u010dtu jedine\u010dn\u00fdch tras. <\/p>\n

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Sm\u011brovac\u00ed tabulky lze pomoc\u00ed CIDR podstatn\u011b zmen\u0161it. Spr\u00e1vci s\u00edt\u00ed mohou d\u00edky v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed flexibilit\u011b p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed adres pomoc\u00ed CIDR kombinovat men\u0161\u00ed bloky adres do v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch. D\u00edky t\u00e9to agregaci se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed po\u010det r\u016fzn\u00fdch tras ve sm\u011brovac\u00edch datab\u00e1z\u00edch a zjednodu\u0161\u00ed se postup sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed. Men\u0161\u00ed sm\u011brovac\u00ed tabulky vedou k rychlej\u0161\u00edmu a efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e zm\u00edr\u0148uje p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a zvy\u0161uje celkov\u00fd v\u00fdkon. <\/p>\n

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Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee bezt\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed mezidom\u00e9nov\u00e9 sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed (CIDR) m\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed IP adresami. D\u00edky v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed flexibilit\u011b p\u0159i rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed adres umo\u017e\u0148uje CIDR organizac\u00edm rozd\u011blovat adresy v souladu s jejich jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi po\u017eadavky, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se sni\u017euje pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed. Rozd\u011blen\u00edm blok\u016f adres IP do pods\u00edt\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch velikost\u00ed maskov\u00e1n\u00ed pods\u00edt\u00ed s prom\u011bnlivou d\u00e9lkou (VLSM), kter\u00e9 je vlastnost\u00ed CIDR, d\u00e1le zlep\u0161uje p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed adres. Krom\u011b toho umo\u017e\u0148uje CIDR spr\u00e1vc\u016fm s\u00edt\u011b kombinovat men\u0161\u00ed adresn\u00ed bloky pro rychlej\u0161\u00ed a efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed velikosti sm\u011brovac\u00edch tabulek. CIDR a bezt\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed adresov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u0159adu v\u00fdhod pro spr\u00e1vu IP adres a sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje celkovou efektivitu a dlouhodobou \u017eivotaschopnost internetu.<\/p><\/div>\n

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FAQ<\/div>\n
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Pro\u010d je CIDR u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd?<\/div>\n

D\u00edky efektivn\u00edmu rozd\u011blen\u00ed a vyu\u017eit\u00ed adresn\u00edho prostoru pom\u00e1h\u00e1 CIDR neboli Classless Inter-Domain Routing eliminovat pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed IP adresami. <\/p>\n

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IP adresy se d\u0159\u00edve p\u0159id\u011blovaly podle stanoven\u00fdch, p\u0159edem definovan\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd adres (t\u0159\u00edda A, B, C atd.), co\u017e \u010dasto vedlo k neefektivn\u00edmu vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed IP adresami. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda m\u011bla pevn\u00fd po\u010det adres bez ohledu na skute\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det hostitel\u016f pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch v s\u00edti, co\u017e vedlo k tomuto pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n

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P\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a \u0161k\u00e1lovateln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodu p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed IP adres nab\u00eddl syst\u00e9m CIDR. Umo\u017e\u0148uje rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed masek pods\u00edt\u00ed s prom\u011bnnou d\u00e9lkou (VLSM), co\u017e spr\u00e1vc\u016fm s\u00edt\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje rozd\u011blovat IP adresy v p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bloc\u00edch podle skute\u010dn\u00e9ho po\u010dtu pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch hostitel\u016f. D\u00edky granularit\u011b lze adresy IP vyu\u017e\u00edvat efektivn\u011bji a s men\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebou adresn\u00edho prostoru. <\/p>\n

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CIDR nav\u00edc umo\u017e\u0148uje supernetting, co\u017e je spojen\u00ed n\u011bkolika men\u0161\u00edch blok\u016f IP adres do v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch. D\u00edky t\u00e9to agregaci je ve sm\u011brovac\u00edch tabulk\u00e1ch internetu pot\u0159eba m\u00e9n\u011b sm\u011brovac\u00edch z\u00e1znam\u016f, sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed je efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a sv\u011btov\u00e1 sm\u011brovac\u00ed infrastruktura je l\u00e9pe \u0161k\u00e1lovateln\u00e1. <\/p>\n

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Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee CIDR je p\u0159\u00ednosn\u00fd, proto\u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed adres IP, minimalizuje pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed a zvy\u0161uje \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnost a v\u00fdkonnost internetu. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Kter\u00e1 z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed je v\u00fdhodou CIDR?<\/div>\n

V\u00fdhodou CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) je minimalizace pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed IP adresami. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Jakou v\u00fdhodu m\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 CIDR?<\/div>\n

V\u00fdhoda s\u00edt\u011b CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v jej\u00ed schopnosti efektivn\u00edho p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed adres IP, co\u017e sni\u017euje pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed. CIDR umo\u017e\u0148uje podnik\u016fm vyu\u017e\u00edvat jen takov\u00fd po\u010det adres, kter\u00fd skute\u010dn\u011b pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed, a to rozd\u011blen\u00edm blok\u016f adres IP do men\u0161\u00edch, l\u00e9pe p\u0159izp\u016fsobiteln\u00fdch pods\u00edt\u00ed. D\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed adresovac\u00ed sch\u00e9ma naproti tomu rozd\u011blovalo IP adresy do blok\u016f pevn\u00e9 velikosti podle t\u0159\u00edd (A, B a C) bez ohledu na skute\u010dn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na spot\u0159ebu. Vyu\u017eit\u00ed CIDR umo\u017e\u0148uje spr\u00e1vc\u016fm s\u00edt\u00ed p\u0159id\u011blovat IP adresy p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, co\u017e sni\u017euje pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed IP adresami a maximalizuje vyu\u017eit\u00ed dostupn\u00e9ho adresn\u00edho prostoru.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Technika pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v adresov\u00e1n\u00ed pomoc\u00ed internetov\u00e9ho protokolu (IP) k efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00fadr\u017eb\u011b IP adres se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR). D\u00edky v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed flexibilit\u011b p\u0159i p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed blok\u016f adres, optimalizaci distribuce adres a minimalizaci celkov\u00e9 velikosti sm\u011brovac\u00edch tabulek p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 CIDR k minimalizaci pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed IP adresami. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se budeme zab\u00fdvat v\u00fdhodami CIDR, zp\u016fsoby sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed … \u010c\u00edst d\u00e1l<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":469,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9161","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-networking"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9161","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/469"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9161"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9161\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9161"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9161"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9161"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}