{"id":8942,"date":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/pamet-pocitace-eniac\/"},"modified":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","slug":"pamet-pocitace-eniac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/pamet-pocitace-eniac\/","title":{"rendered":"Pam\u011b\u0165 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de ENIAC"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"orig\">\n<div class=\"origqestion\">Jak\u00e9 jsou pam\u011bti v PC?<\/div>\n<div class=\"origanswer\">Vnit\u0159n\u00ed pam\u011bti je mo\u017en\u00e9 rozd\u011blit do n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch skupin:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ROM.<\/li>\n<li>PROM.<\/li>\n<li>EPROM.<\/li>\n<li>EEPROM.<\/li>\n<li>Flash.<\/li>\n<li>RAM.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"origurl\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span> Dal\u0161\u00ed informace najdete na<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gym-karvina.cz\/ivt\/okruhy\/pamet.htm\">www.gym-karvina.cz<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"articlecontent\">\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> Mnoho lid\u00ed se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee po\u010d\u00edta\u010d ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) byl v\u016fbec prvn\u00edm univerz\u00e1ln\u00edm elektronick\u00fdm po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem. ENIAC, kter\u00fd vznikl ve 40. letech 20. stolet\u00ed, zm\u011bnil v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniku t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159inesl elektronick\u00e9 obvody a sofistikovan\u00e9 programovac\u00ed schopnosti. ENIAC v\u0161ak pou\u017e\u00edval z\u00e1sadn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup ke spr\u00e1v\u011b pam\u011bti ne\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. Prozkoumejme pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ENIACu a pod\u00edvejme se na jeho siln\u00e9 a slab\u00e9 str\u00e1nky. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> Je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee ENIAC postr\u00e1dal modern\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 RAM, aby mohl spr\u00e1vn\u011b reagovat na ot\u00e1zku, kolik m\u00e1 pam\u011bti. M\u00edsto toho kombinoval n\u011bkolik r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch komponent, jako jsou d\u011brn\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edtky, elektrick\u00e9 akumul\u00e1tory a funk\u010dn\u00ed tabulky. D\u00edky t\u011bmto pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdm komponent\u00e1m byl ENIAC schopen ukl\u00e1dat \u010d\u00edseln\u00e1 data a pracovat s nimi. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> ENIAC byl obrovsk\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zab\u00edralo 167 metr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch, tedy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1 800 \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch stop. Bylo v n\u011bm obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed elektronek, p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d\u016f a vodi\u010d\u016f. ENIAC m\u011bl na svou velikost velmi m\u00e1lo pam\u011bti. Sou\u010dasn\u011b mohlo b\u00fdt ulo\u017eeno maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 20 r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel, ka\u017ed\u00e9 s deseti desetinn\u00fdmi \u010d\u00edslicemi. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ENIAC m\u011bl celkovou kapacitu pam\u011bti asi 200 desetinn\u00fdch m\u00edst. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> ENIAC byl na svou dobu p\u0159elomovou technologi\u00ed, pokud jde o v\u00fdkon. Byl schopen \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f rychlost\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 5 000 s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed za sekundu. ENIAC p\u0159edstavoval v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pokrok ve v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed technice, ale postr\u00e1dal programovatelnost a flexibilitu sou\u010dasn\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f. Jeho schopnost prov\u00e1d\u011bt sofistikovan\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty p\u0159ipravila p\u016fdu pro dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj v oblasti v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniky. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> Navzdory sv\u00fdm \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdm schopnostem m\u011bl ENIAC n\u011bkolik nedostatk\u016f. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm byla jeho pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 kapacita na dne\u0161n\u00ed pom\u011bry relativn\u011b mal\u00e1. ENIAC nav\u00edc nem\u011bl kapacitu pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed instrukc\u00ed, tak\u017ee ka\u017edou operaci musel p\u0159eprogramovat \u010dlov\u011bk. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu byl ENIAC pomalej\u0161\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b flexibiln\u00ed ne\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee po\u010d\u00edta\u010d ENIAC m\u011bl kapacitu pam\u011bti na 20 \u010d\u00edsel, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo m\u011blo deset desetinn\u00fdch m\u00edst. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010d ENIAC pou\u017e\u00edval k ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a manipulaci s \u010d\u00edseln\u00fdmi \u00fadaji r\u016fzn\u00e9 pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 komponenty, p\u0159esto\u017ee mu chyb\u011bla pam\u011b\u0165 RAM, jak ji zn\u00e1me dnes. Po\u010d\u00edta\u010d ENIAC m\u011bl z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro rozvoj v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniky d\u00edky sv\u00e9 obrovsk\u00e9 velikosti a obrovsk\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed kapacit\u011b. Navzdory sv\u00fdm nedostatk\u016fm pomohl ENIAC p\u0159ipravit p\u016fdu pro pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj, kter\u00fd pomohl vytvo\u0159it sou\u010dasn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"questions\">\n<div class=\"questionstitle\">FAQ<\/div>\n<div class=\"question\">\n<div class=\"qtitle\"> M\u011bl ENIAC procesor?<\/div>\n<p> Elektronick\u00fd \u010d\u00edslicov\u00fd integr\u00e1tor a po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako ENIAC, skute\u010dn\u011b obsahoval procesor. ENIAC, jeden z prvn\u00edch univerz\u00e1ln\u00edch elektronick\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, m\u011bl centr\u00e1ln\u00ed procesorovou jednotku (CPU) vyrobenou z vakuov\u00fdch elektronek a elektrick\u00fdch obvod\u016f. Procesor, kter\u00fd byl z\u00e1kladn\u00edm prvkem architektury po\u010d\u00edta\u010de ENIAC, m\u011bl na starosti prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f a p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"question\">\n<div class=\"qtitle\"> Jak\u00e1 byla prvn\u00ed velikost pam\u011bti RAM?<\/div>\n<p> P\u016fvodn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 RAM neboli Random Access Memory po\u010d\u00edta\u010de ENIAC m\u011bla kapacitu 20 kilobajt\u016f. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"question\">\n<div class=\"qtitle\"> Jak velkou pam\u011b\u0165 RAM m\u011bl prvn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d?<\/div>\n<p> Po\u010d\u00edta\u010d ENIAC, kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za jeden z prvn\u00edch univerz\u00e1ln\u00edch elektronick\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, postr\u00e1dal modern\u00ed koncept pam\u011bti RAM (random access memory). M\u00edsto toho pou\u017e\u00edval k ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat kombinaci magnetick\u00e9 p\u00e1sky, vakuov\u00fdch elektronek a kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f. Dvacet akumul\u00e1tor\u016f, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159ily ENIAC, slou\u017eilo jako jeho hlavn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 komponenty a m\u011blo celkovou kapacitu 2 000 desetim\u00edstn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jak\u00e9 jsou pam\u011bti v PC? Vnit\u0159n\u00ed pam\u011bti je mo\u017en\u00e9 rozd\u011blit do n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch skupin: ROM. PROM. EPROM. EEPROM. Flash. RAM. Dal\u0161\u00ed informace najdete na www.gym-karvina.cz Mnoho lid\u00ed se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee po\u010d\u00edta\u010d ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) byl v\u016fbec prvn\u00edm univerz\u00e1ln\u00edm elektronick\u00fdm po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem. ENIAC, kter\u00fd vznikl ve 40. letech 20. stolet\u00ed, zm\u011bnil v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed techniku t\u00edm, &#8230; <a title=\"Pam\u011b\u0165 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de ENIAC\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/pamet-pocitace-eniac\/\" aria-label=\"\u010c\u00edst v\u00edce o Pam\u011b\u0165 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de ENIAC\">\u010c\u00edst d\u00e1l<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4104,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1133],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8942","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-informatika"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8942","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4104"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8942"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8942\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8942"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8942"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8942"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}