{"id":8824,"date":"2023-09-05T14:02:18","date_gmt":"2023-09-05T14:02:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/?p=8824"},"modified":"2023-09-05T14:02:18","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T14:02:18","slug":"tftp-pochopeni-zakladu-a-porovnani-s-ftp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/tftp-pochopeni-zakladu-a-porovnani-s-ftp\/","title":{"rendered":"TFTP. Pochopen\u00ed z\u00e1klad\u016f a porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s FTP"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
How do I run a TFTP command?<\/div>\n
An example of using the TFTP command on Windows 10:<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. Let's open the Windows command prompt. Open the Windows search and type \u201ccmd,\u201d or press the Win + R > Open the Run and type \u201ccmd\u201d.<\/li>\n
  2. Go to the directory where the firmware is stored (or specify the entire path).<\/li>\n
  3. Type the command TFTP -i 192.168.1.20 PUT firmware.bin.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
    \n\t\t\t\t\t Dal\u0161\u00ed informace najdete na<\/span> www.pcwdld.com<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
    K p\u0159esunu soubor\u016f mezi s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jednoduch\u00fd protokol pro p\u0159enos soubor\u016f zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol). M\u00e1 b\u00fdt lehk\u00fd a jednoduch\u00fd na pou\u017eit\u00ed, tak\u017ee je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s mal\u00fdm po\u010dtem zdroj\u016f, jako jsou sm\u011brova\u010de, p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de a vestav\u011bn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se bude zab\u00fdvat fungov\u00e1n\u00edm TFTP, jeho z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi vlastnostmi, funkc\u00ed portu TFTP a t\u00edm, jak se li\u0161\u00ed od FTP. <\/p>\n
    <\/div>\n

    M\u00edsto obl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edho protokolu TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v protokolu FTP, vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 TFTP jako p\u0159enosov\u00fd protokol protokol UDP (User Datagram Protocol). Proto\u017ee UDP je protokol bez spojen\u00ed, data se po nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00ed nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je TFTP p\u0159i p\u0159esunu soubor\u016f rychlej\u0161\u00ed a efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e FTP, ale tak\u00e9 nenab\u00edz\u00ed stejnou \u00farove\u0148 spolehlivosti nebo kontroly chyb. <\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n

    Pro pou\u017eit\u00ed protokolu TFTP mus\u00ed klient odeslat po\u017eadavek na soubor na server TFTP. N\u00e1zev souboru, kter\u00fd chce klient obdr\u017eet, je obsa\u017een v paketu po\u017eadavku na \u010dten\u00ed (RRQ), kter\u00fd klient doru\u010d\u00ed serveru. Jako odpov\u011b\u010f vr\u00e1t\u00ed server datov\u00fd paket obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed blok dat po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho souboru. Ka\u017ed\u00fd datov\u00fd paket je klientem potvrzen vr\u00e1cen\u00edm potvrzovac\u00edho paketu (ACK) serveru. Tento postup se opakuje, dokud nen\u00ed p\u0159enesen cel\u00fd soubor. <\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n

    Ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed je pro port TFTP pou\u017eit port 69. Klient i server pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tento port k odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f TFTP. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee TFTP nenab\u00edz\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 techniky \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Aby se zabr\u00e1nilo ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm p\u0159enos\u016fm nebo zm\u011bn\u00e1m soubor\u016f, je t\u0159eba port TFTP zabezpe\u010dit p\u0159ed ciz\u00edmi osobami. <\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n

    P\u0159i porovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed TFTP a FTP je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee jejich funkce jsou odli\u0161n\u00e9. FTP nab\u00edz\u00ed ucelen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sadu funkc\u00ed, zat\u00edmco TFTP je vytvo\u0159en pro jednoduchost a efektivitu. Krom\u011b ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed podporuje FTP v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozsah \u010dinnost\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdpisu soubor\u016f, maz\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f a jejich p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n\u00ed. TCP je dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159enosov\u00fd protokol, kter\u00fd FTP pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u010dasn\u00e9ho a p\u0159esn\u00e9ho p\u0159enosu dat. <\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n

    TFTP je \u00fadajn\u011b z hlediska bezpe\u010dnosti m\u00e9n\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u00fd ne\u017e FTP. Proto\u017ee TFTP postr\u00e1d\u00e1 funkce \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed a ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, je otev\u0159en\u00fd odposlechu a ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edstupu. Naproti tomu protokol FTP lze nakonfigurovat tak, aby pou\u017e\u00edval \u0161ifrovac\u00ed protokoly, nap\u0159\u00edklad Secure FTP (SFTP) nebo FTP over SSL\/TLS (FTPS), a podporuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 techniky ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n

    TFTP je jednoduch\u00fd protokol pro p\u0159enos soubor\u016f, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 protokol UDP a \u010dasto se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 u s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s omezen\u00fdmi zdroji. P\u0159esto\u017ee postr\u00e1d\u00e1 zabezpe\u010den\u00ed a kompletn\u00ed funkce FTP, je pro p\u0159esun soubor\u016f \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd. Port TFTP ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 port 69 a je t\u0159eba jej zabezpe\u010dit proti ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edstupu. P\u0159i porovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed TFTP a FTP je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vz\u00edt v \u00favahu jedine\u010dn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky a pot\u0159eby zabezpe\u010den\u00ed operace p\u0159enosu soubor\u016f.<\/p><\/div>\n

    \n
    FAQ<\/div>\n
    \n
    Co je port 69 pro TFTP?<\/div>\n

    Protokol TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve v\u00fdchoz\u00edm nastaven\u00ed port 69 jako sv\u016fj standardn\u00ed port. Na transportn\u00ed vrstv\u011b sady internetov\u00fdch protokol\u016f je TFTP jednoduch\u00fd protokol pro p\u0159enos soubor\u016f. \u010casto se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v situac\u00edch vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edch jednoduchost a malou re\u017eii, v\u010detn\u011b nastavov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed syst\u00e9mu, a v\u011bt\u0161inou se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro p\u0159enos mal\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed dat. Klienti a servery TFTP mohou mezi sebou komunikovat pomoc\u00ed portu 69, kter\u00fd je vyhrazen speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro p\u0159enos TFTP. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n
    Jak\u00e9 jsou slabiny TFTP?<\/div>\n

    TFTP (Trivial File Transfer mechanism) je jednoduch\u00fd mechanismus p\u0159enosu soubor\u016f, kter\u00fd je m\u00e9n\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u00fd ne\u017e jin\u00e9 protokoly, nap\u0159\u00edklad FTP. Zde je uvedeno n\u011bkolik nedostatk\u016f TFTP: Chyb\u00ed vestav\u011bn\u00e9 techniky ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed: TFTP nenab\u00edz\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vestav\u011bn\u00e9 postupy ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. To zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee p\u0159enos citliv\u00fdch dat nen\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00fd, proto\u017ee kdokoli s p\u0159\u00edstupem k s\u00edti m\u00e1 mo\u017enost p\u0159istupovat k soubor\u016fm a p\u0159esouvat je. <\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n

    2. Omezen\u00e1 funk\u010dnost: V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s FTP nab\u00edz\u00ed TFTP m\u00e9n\u011b funkc\u00ed. Je m\u00e9n\u011b flexibiln\u00ed pro manipulaci se soubory na serveru, proto\u017ee neumo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdpis adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f, maz\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f nebo jejich p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n\u00ed. TFTP nenab\u00edz\u00ed pro p\u0159enos dat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e je nedostatek. TFTP tak nen\u00ed vhodn\u00fd pro p\u0159enos citliv\u00fdch nebo d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fdch dat, proto\u017ee soubory odes\u00edlan\u00e9 jeho prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mohou b\u00fdt zachyceny a zobrazeny neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdmi u\u017eivateli. 4. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 vestav\u011bn\u00e9 mechanismy pro obnovu chyb: TFTP postr\u00e1d\u00e1 syst\u00e9m obnovy chyb. TFTP se nepokus\u00ed znovu odeslat paket, pokud je b\u011bhem p\u0159enosu ztracen, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b dat. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je TFTP m\u00e9n\u011b spolehliv\u00fd v prost\u0159ed\u00ed s nest\u00e1l\u00fdm s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdm p\u0159ipojen\u00edm. 5. Omezen\u00e1 velikost souboru: Omezen\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikosti souboru TFTP na 32 MB m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou p\u0159i odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch soubor\u016f. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou tohoto omezen\u00ed je pou\u017eit\u00ed 16bitov\u00fdch identifik\u00e1tor\u016f blok\u016f k identifikaci datov\u00fdch paket\u016f. <\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n

    Celkov\u011b m\u00e1 TFTP ur\u010dit\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody z hlediska zabezpe\u010den\u00ed, funk\u010dnosti, spolehlivosti, \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed a omezen\u00ed velikosti soubor\u016f, p\u0159esto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o lehk\u00fd a jednoduch\u00fd protokol pro p\u0159enos soubor\u016f. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

    \n
    Pro\u010d pou\u017e\u00edvat TFTP m\u00edsto FTP?<\/div>\n

    TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) lze up\u0159ednostnit p\u0159ed FTP (File Transfer Protocol) z \u0159ady d\u016fvod\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch: 1. Jednoduchost: TFTP je zam\u00fd\u0161len jako jednoduch\u00fd a nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd protokol, tak\u017ee jeho vytvo\u0159en\u00ed a pou\u017eit\u00ed je jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u FTP. Je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro jednoduch\u00e9 operace p\u0159enosu soubor\u016f, proto\u017ee m\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b funkc\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f. Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1roky na syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 prost\u0159edky: TFTP vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f a m\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed re\u017eii ne\u017e FTP. D\u00edky tomu je vhodn\u00fd pro syst\u00e9my, jako jsou sm\u011brova\u010de, p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de a vestav\u011bn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed m\u00e1lo pam\u011bti nebo v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00edho v\u00fdkonu. 3. Detekce a obnova chyb: TFTP obsahuje postupy detekce a obnovy chyb v\u010detn\u011b \u010d\u00edsel blok\u016f a potvrzen\u00ed, aby byl p\u0159enos soubor\u016f spolehliv\u00fd. To m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u00fdznam v situac\u00edch, kdy je spolehlivost s\u00edt\u011b probl\u00e9mem. 4. Rychlost: D\u00edky snadn\u00e9mu pou\u017eit\u00ed TFTP \u010dasto p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 FTP, pokud jde o rychlost p\u0159enosu soubor\u016f, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i p\u0159enosu velk\u00fdch soubor\u016f nebo p\u0159i nadm\u011brn\u00e9 latenci s\u00edt\u011b. 5. Zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed syst\u00e9mu a aktualizace firmwaru: TFTP se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u00edch s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9ho zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed, kdy za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mohou stahovat aktualizace firmwaru nebo po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed ze serveru TFTP. M\u016f\u017ee zjednodu\u0161it proces zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed a je b\u011b\u017en\u011b podporov\u00e1n v s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch. <\/p>\n

    <\/div>\n

    Je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee TFTP m\u00e1 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s FTP sv\u00e1 omezen\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad postr\u00e1d\u00e1 intern\u00ed syst\u00e9my pro ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 z hlediska bezpe\u010dnosti. Chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed podpora funkc\u00ed, jako je v\u00fdpis adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f a p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f, d\u00e1le omezuje jeho funk\u010dnost. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee rozhodnut\u00ed mezi TFTP a FTP je zalo\u017eeno na zvl\u00e1\u0161tnostech dan\u00e9ho \u00fakolu p\u0159enosu soubor\u016f a tak\u00e9 na bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    How do I run a TFTP command? An example of using the TFTP command on Windows 10: Let's open the Windows command prompt. Open the Windows search and type \u201ccmd,\u201d or press the Win + R > Open the Run and type \u201ccmd\u201d. Go to the directory where the firmware is stored (or specify the … \u010c\u00edst d\u00e1l<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4087,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3420],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8824","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-file-transfer-protocol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8824","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4087"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8824"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8824\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8824"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8824"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8824"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}