{"id":5642,"date":"2024-05-29T13:58:19","date_gmt":"2024-05-29T13:58:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/?p=5642"},"modified":"2024-05-29T13:58:19","modified_gmt":"2024-05-29T13:58:19","slug":"the-digital-divide-and-the-knowledge-gap-hypothesis-preklenuti-propasti-pro-spravedlivejsi-budoucnost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/the-digital-divide-and-the-knowledge-gap-hypothesis-preklenuti-propasti-pro-spravedlivejsi-budoucnost\/","title":{"rendered":"The Digital Divide and the Knowledge-Gap Hypothesis. P\u0159eklenut\u00ed propasti pro spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed budoucnost"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
<\/div>\n

P\u0159\u00edstup k technologi\u00edm a internetu je v dne\u0161n\u00ed rychle se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed dob\u011b st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed lid\u00ed do spole\u010dnosti. Poprv\u00e9 byla identifikov\u00e1na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed propast, kter\u00e1 vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 ze skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee ne v\u0161ichni maj\u00ed k t\u011bmto zdroj\u016fm stejn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Rozd\u00edl mezi lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k digit\u00e1ln\u00edm technologi\u00edm a mohou je vyu\u017e\u00edvat, a t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed jej nemaj\u00ed, je zn\u00e1m jako „digit\u00e1ln\u00ed propast“. S t\u00edmto rozd\u00edlem souvis\u00ed hypot\u00e9za znalostn\u00ed mezery, kter\u00e1 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee nerovn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k informa\u010dn\u00edm a komunika\u010dn\u00edm technologi\u00edm (ICT) m\u016f\u017ee roz\u0161i\u0159ovat rozd\u00edly ve znalostech mezi socioekonomick\u00fdmi t\u0159\u00eddami. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed propast m\u00e1 d\u016fsledky pro \u0159adu spole\u010densk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b ob\u010dansk\u00e9 anga\u017eovanosti, zam\u011bstnanosti, zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b mohou m\u00edt d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed doma p\u0159\u00edstup k internetu nebo technologi\u00edm, pot\u00ed\u017ee s dokon\u010den\u00edm dom\u00e1c\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f nebo vyhled\u00e1n\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch zdroj\u016f, co\u017e je znev\u00fdhod\u0148uje oproti jejich vrstevn\u00edk\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup maj\u00ed. Podobn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro lidi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed nebo kari\u00e9rn\u011b r\u016fst, pokud jim chyb\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed dovednosti nebo p\u0159\u00edstup na online tr\u017ei\u0161t\u011b pr\u00e1ce. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Slo\u017eitost digit\u00e1ln\u00ed propasti je ovlivn\u011bna \u0159adou jej\u00edch aspekt\u016f. P\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e1 propast, kter\u00e1 se t\u00fdk\u00e1 rozd\u00edl\u016f ve skute\u010dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu k technologi\u00edm a internetu, je jedn\u00edm z rozm\u011br\u016f. Ta m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat prvky, jako je zem\u011bpisn\u00e1 poloha, \u00farove\u0148 p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f a dostupnost infrastruktury. Nap\u0159\u00edklad lid\u00e9 s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy mohou m\u00edt pot\u00ed\u017ee s n\u00e1kupem internetov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb nebo pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f, zat\u00edmco venkovsk\u00e9 oblasti maj\u00ed \u010dasto probl\u00e9my s p\u0159\u00edstupem k vysokorychlostn\u00edmu internetu kv\u016fli chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed infrastruktu\u0159e. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Rozd\u00edl v pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je jin\u00fd aspekt, kter\u00fd se zam\u011b\u0159uje na rozd\u00edly v tom, jak lid\u00e9 komunikuj\u00ed s digit\u00e1ln\u00edmi technologiemi a jak je pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed. Zahrnuje tak\u00e9 schopnost vyu\u017e\u00edvat technologie k r\u016fzn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm, jako je komunikace, vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed a online transakce. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem r\u016fzn\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 dovednost\u00ed v oblasti digit\u00e1ln\u00ed gramotnosti, znalost online bezpe\u010dnosti a ochrany soukrom\u00ed a tyto schopnosti. I kdy\u017e maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstup k technologi\u00edm, jejich schopnost pln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt jejich p\u0159\u00edslibu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt omezena nedostate\u010dnou digit\u00e1ln\u00ed gramotnost\u00ed. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Dlouhodob\u00fdm d\u016fsledk\u016fm t\u011bchto rozd\u00edl\u016f v p\u0159\u00edstupu k informa\u010dn\u00edm a komunika\u010dn\u00edm technologi\u00edm se v\u011bnuje teorie znalostn\u00edch mezer, s n\u00ed\u017e p\u016fvodn\u011b p\u0159i\u0161el Phillip J. Tichenor. Z n\u00ed vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee lid\u00e9 z vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch socioekonomick\u00fdch vrstev si rychleji osvojuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 informace a dovednosti ne\u017e lid\u00e9 z ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch socioekonomick\u00fdch vrstev, proto\u017ee maj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k informa\u010dn\u00edm a komunika\u010dn\u00edm technologi\u00edm. To m\u016f\u017ee v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu zv\u011bt\u0161ovat rozd\u00edly ve znalostech mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi vrstvami a prohlubovat ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed nerovnosti. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Z \u0159ady d\u016fvod\u016f je odstran\u011bn\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed propasti nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm podporuje rovn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup lid\u00ed ke znalostem, vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed a pracovn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostem. M\u016f\u017eeme pos\u00edlit znev\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00e9 skupiny obyvatel a sn\u00ed\u017eit p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, s nimi\u017e se setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech \u017eivota, pokud jim poskytneme rovn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k technologi\u00edm a internetu. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Rozvoj digit\u00e1ln\u00edho ob\u010danstv\u00ed a zapojen\u00ed do digit\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00e9ry nav\u00edc vy\u017eaduje p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed propasti. Je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u011bl znalosti a n\u00e1stroje pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 orientaci v digit\u00e1ln\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b, proto\u017ee st\u00e1le v\u00edce prvk\u016f na\u0161eho \u017eivota se p\u0159esouv\u00e1 na internet. To zahrnuje schopnost kriticky p\u0159istupovat k digit\u00e1ln\u00edm informac\u00edm a posuzovat je, \u00fa\u010dastnit se ob\u010dansk\u00fdch aktivit online a chr\u00e1nit svou bezpe\u010dnost a soukrom\u00ed. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee odstran\u011bn\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed propasti podpo\u0159it inovace a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst. M\u016f\u017eeme pln\u011b uvolnit potenci\u00e1l lidsk\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu a podpo\u0159it inkluzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a rozmanit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu t\u00edm, \u017ee zajist\u00edme, aby m\u011bl ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k digit\u00e1ln\u00edm technologi\u00edm. To pak m\u016f\u017ee podn\u00edtit podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, inovace a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Hypot\u00e9za znalostn\u00ed mezery a digit\u00e1ln\u00ed propast jsou p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 my\u0161lenky, kter\u00e9 upozor\u0148uj\u00ed na rozd\u00edly v p\u0159\u00edstupu k digit\u00e1ln\u00edm technologi\u00edm a jejich vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Hypot\u00e9za znalostn\u00ed mezery tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tyto rozd\u00edly mohou roz\u0161i\u0159ovat propast ve znalostech mezi socioekonomick\u00fdmi t\u0159\u00eddami, zat\u00edmco digit\u00e1ln\u00ed propast zahrnuje \u0159adu aspekt\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b rozd\u00edlu v p\u0159\u00edstupu a v pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Pro rozvoj rovn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, podporu digit\u00e1ln\u00edho ob\u010danstv\u00ed a urychlen\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho r\u016fstu je nezbytn\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed propast odstranit. Snahou o spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed budoucnost m\u016f\u017eeme zajistit, aby v digit\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00e9\u0159e nikdo nez\u016fstal pozadu.<\/p><\/div>\n

\n
FAQ<\/div>\n
\n
Jak p\u0159eklenete digit\u00e1ln\u00ed propast?<\/div>\n

K odstran\u011bn\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed propasti lze pou\u017e\u00edt n\u011bkolik strategi\u00ed, nap\u0159: 1. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k technologi\u00edm: Je nezbytn\u00e9 poskytnout marginalizovan\u00fdm komunit\u00e1m levn\u00e9 a spolehliv\u00e9 internetov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed a pom\u016fcky. S t\u00edm mohou pomoci vl\u00e1dn\u00ed programy, spole\u010dn\u00e9 podniky s komer\u010dn\u00edm sektorem a komunitn\u00ed organizace. Nab\u00eddka vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch kurz\u016f a semin\u00e1\u0159\u016f, kter\u00e9 lidi nau\u010d\u00ed z\u00e1klad\u016fm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, p\u0159\u00edstupu k internetu a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

2. Programy digit\u00e1ln\u00ed gramotnosti. Aby byl zaru\u010den d\u016fkladn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, m\u011bly by se tyto programy zam\u011b\u0159it jak na d\u011bti, tak na dosp\u011bl\u00e9. 3. Reformy v oblasti vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed: Aby byly d\u011bti dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipraveny na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bk, mus\u00ed \u0161koln\u00ed osnovy zahrnovat digit\u00e1ln\u00ed gramotnost a technologie. Vedle v\u00fduky vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed technologi\u00ed by \u0161koly m\u011bly kl\u00e1st d\u016fraz na v\u00fduku kritick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed, \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f a dovednost\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edho ob\u010danstv\u00ed. 4. Partnerstv\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho a soukrom\u00e9ho sektoru: Vl\u00e1da, neziskov\u00e9 organizace a ziskov\u00e9 podniky mohou spole\u010dn\u00fdmi silami p\u0159ekonat digit\u00e1ln\u00ed propast. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm t\u00e9to spolupr\u00e1ce lze realizovat iniciativy, kter\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k technologi\u00edm a mo\u017enosti online vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed komunitn\u00edch center a knihoven s po\u010d\u00edta\u010di a p\u0159ipojen\u00edm k internetu m\u016f\u017ee fungovat jako st\u0159ediska, kde mohou lid\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvat technologie a z\u00edsk\u00e1vat \u0161kolen\u00ed. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

5. Tato za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mohou tak\u00e9 nab\u00edzet dal\u0161\u00ed zdroje, jako je technick\u00e1 pomoc, \u0161kolen\u00ed a mentoringov\u00e9 programy. P\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed propasti vy\u017eaduje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ot\u00e1zky cenov\u00e9 dostupnosti, kterou se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 \u0161est\u00fd bod. Dostupnost lze zlep\u0161it prozkoum\u00e1n\u00edm mo\u017enost\u00ed, jako je prodej zlevn\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f nebo dotov\u00e1n\u00ed internetov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb pro dom\u00e1cnosti s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy. 7. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed na m\u00edru pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed skupiny obyvatel: Je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed poskytovat specializovan\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, proto\u017ee r\u016fzn\u00e9 skupiny obyvatel mohou m\u00edt se z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupu k technologi\u00edm r\u016fzn\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee. To m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f, jako jsou jazykov\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee, fyzick\u00e1 omezen\u00ed nebo kulturn\u00ed ohledy, kter\u00e9 mohou lidem br\u00e1nit v pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed technologi\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edstupu k nim. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Zaveden\u00edm t\u011bchto taktik do praxe m\u016f\u017eeme bojovat za odstran\u011bn\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed propasti a vybudovat spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnost, kde budou m\u00edt v\u0161ichni stejnou \u0161anci usp\u011bt v digit\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00e9\u0159e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159\u00edstup k technologi\u00edm a internetu je v dne\u0161n\u00ed rychle se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed dob\u011b st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed lid\u00ed do spole\u010dnosti. Poprv\u00e9 byla identifikov\u00e1na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed propast, kter\u00e1 vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 ze skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee ne v\u0161ichni maj\u00ed k t\u011bmto zdroj\u016fm stejn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup. Rozd\u00edl mezi lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k digit\u00e1ln\u00edm technologi\u00edm a mohou je vyu\u017e\u00edvat, a t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed … \u010c\u00edst d\u00e1l<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1399,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2281],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5642","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-digital-divide"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5642","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1399"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5642"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5642\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15851,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5642\/revisions\/15851"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5642"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5642"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5642"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}