{"id":5395,"date":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/jak-funguje-displej-z-tekutych-krystalu\/"},"modified":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","slug":"jak-funguje-displej-z-tekutych-krystalu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/jak-funguje-displej-z-tekutych-krystalu\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak funguje displej z tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Na jak\u00e9m principu funguj\u00ed LCD monitory?<\/div>\n
Sv\u011btlo v LCD proch\u00e1z\u00ed dv\u011bma polariza\u010dn\u00edmi vrstvami, filtry dovoluj\u00ed pr\u016fchod pouze sv\u011btlu orientovan\u00e9mu ur\u010dit\u00fdm sm\u011brem. Pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed barevn\u00e9ho obrazu jsou aplikov\u00e1ny barevn\u00e9 filtry na vrchol jednotliv\u00fdch LCD bun\u011bk. K vytvo\u0159en\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e9ho bodu jsou t\u0159i sousedn\u00ed LCD bu\u0148ky nastaveny tak, aby propou\u0161t\u011bly sv\u011btlo. Cached<\/div>\n
\n\t\t\t\t\t Dal\u0161\u00ed informace najdete na<\/span> old.pf.jcu.cz<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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LCD displeje, ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako displeje z tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f, se staly d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm prvkem na\u0161eho ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota. Displeje LCD se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v \u0159ad\u011b elektronick\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b digit\u00e1ln\u00edch hodinek, mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f, televizor\u016f a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch monitor\u016f. P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli jste v\u0161ak n\u011bkdy o tom, jak tyto displeje funguj\u00ed? V t\u00e9to eseji budeme studovat vnit\u0159n\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch displej\u016f a pronikneme do zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 oblasti technologie LCD. <\/p>\n

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Co p\u0159esn\u011b je tedy displej z tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f? Laicky \u0159e\u010deno, LCD je technologie ploch\u00e9ho displeje, kter\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed obraz pomoc\u00ed tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f. Na rozd\u00edl od b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch displej\u016f s katodovou trubic\u00ed (CRT), kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed obraz pomoc\u00ed fosforeskuj\u00edc\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed displeje LCD speci\u00e1ln\u00edch schopnost\u00ed tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f k ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011btla a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vizu\u00e1ln\u00edho obsahu. <\/p>\n

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St\u0159edem LCD displeje je vrstva tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f, l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e1 kombinuje vlastnosti kapaliny a pevn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky. Tyto tekut\u00e9 krystaly jsou uzav\u0159eny v bu\u0148ce, kter\u00e1 je ut\u011bsn\u011bna, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo \u00faniku, a um\u00edst\u011bna mezi dv\u011bma pr\u016fhledn\u00fdmi elektrodami. Elektrody p\u016fsob\u00ed na tekut\u00e9 krystaly elektrick\u00fdm polem, kter\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed jejich orientaci. <\/p>\n

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Proto\u017ee tekut\u00e9 krystaly LCD jsou anizotropn\u00ed, ovliv\u0148uje sm\u011br pr\u016fchodu sv\u011btla jejich optick\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Homeotropn\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed je konfigurace, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e jsou dlouh\u00e9 osy kapaln\u00fdch krystal\u016f kolm\u00e9 k elektrod\u00e1m, kdy\u017e na n\u011b nep\u016fsob\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 pole. Za tohoto stavu kapaln\u00e9 krystaly neinteraguj\u00ed se sv\u011btlem. <\/p>\n

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P\u0159i p\u016fsoben\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho pole na LCD se v\u0161ak orientace kapaln\u00fdch krystal\u016f m\u011bn\u00ed. Zkroucen\u00fd nematick\u00fd efekt, jev zp\u016fsoben\u00fd touto zm\u011bnou orientace, zp\u016fsobuje ohyb sv\u011btla proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho kapaln\u00fdmi krystaly. M\u00edru zkroucen\u00ed tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f lze m\u011bnit nastaven\u00edm s\u00edly a sm\u011bru elektrick\u00e9ho pole, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje regulovat mno\u017estv\u00ed proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho sv\u011btla na displeji. <\/p>\n

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Nyn\u00ed prozkoum\u00e1me, jak se na displeji z tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed barva. Plnobarevn\u00fd obraz vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed LCD displeje pomoc\u00ed kombinace barevn\u00fdch filtr\u016f a b\u00edl\u00e9ho podsv\u00edcen\u00ed, na rozd\u00edl od d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zobrazovac\u00edch technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ely barvy pomoc\u00ed luminofor\u016f. B\u00edl\u00e9 sv\u011btlo z podsv\u00edcen\u00ed se uvol\u0148uje a barevn\u00e9 filtry pak selektivn\u011b filtruj\u00ed jeho \u010d\u00e1st. \u010cerven\u00e9, zelen\u00e9 a modr\u00e9 barevn\u00e9 filtry jsou rozm\u00edst\u011bny po pixelech v pixelov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece. <\/p>\n

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Stupe\u0148 zkroucen\u00ed ovliv\u0148uje, kolik sv\u011btla projde jednotliv\u00fdmi barevn\u00fdmi filtry p\u0159i pr\u016fchodu tekut\u00fdmi krystaly. Displej m\u016f\u017ee regulovat, kolik \u010derven\u00e9ho, zelen\u00e9ho a modr\u00e9ho sv\u011btla se dostane k o\u010d\u00edm div\u00e1ka t\u00edm, \u017ee m\u011bn\u00ed zkroucen\u00ed tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f. LCD panely jsou schopny vytv\u00e1\u0159et \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu barev kombinac\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch intenzit t\u011bchto t\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch odst\u00edn\u016f. <\/p>\n

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Jak efektivn\u00ed je tedy displej z tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f? \u0158ada aplikac\u00ed si zvolila technologii LCD jako preferovanou zobrazovac\u00ed technologii d\u00edky mnoha jej\u00edm v\u00fdhod\u00e1m. \u0160irok\u00e9 pozorovac\u00ed \u00fahly, dobr\u00fd kontrastn\u00ed pom\u011br a vysok\u00e9 rozli\u0161en\u00ed, to v\u0161e jsou vlastnosti LCD displej\u016f. Nav\u00edc jsou energeticky \u00fasporn\u00e9 a spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b elektrick\u00e9 energie ne\u017e zastaral\u00e9 inovace, jako jsou CRT obrazovky. Zdokonalen\u00ed technologie LCD nav\u00edc p\u0159ineslo displeje s rychlej\u0161\u00ed dobou odezvy, kter\u00e9 sni\u017euj\u00ed rozmaz\u00e1n\u00ed pohybu a zlep\u0161uj\u00ed z\u00e1\u017eitek ze sledov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n

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Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee displeje z tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f zcela zm\u011bnily zp\u016fsob pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed technologi\u00ed. Displeje LCD dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u0159\u00eddit tok sv\u011btla a vytv\u00e1\u0159et \u017eiv\u00fd a vysoce kvalitn\u00ed obraz d\u00edky vyu\u017eit\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee LCD displeje budou d\u00edky sv\u00e9 p\u0159izp\u016fsobivosti, energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti a rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se technologii vl\u00e1dnout obchodu s displeji i v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch letech.<\/p><\/div>\n

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FAQ<\/div>\n
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Je LED lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e LCD?<\/div>\n

O tom, zda je LED (Light Emitting Diode) lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), rozhoduje p\u0159esn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed a preference jednotlivce. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 technologie m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody. <\/p>\n

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Na rozd\u00edl od displej\u016f LCD se displeje LED vyzna\u010duj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed energetickou \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed, proto\u017ee spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b energie na sv\u016fj provoz. Krom\u011b toho maj\u00ed \u010dasto vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kontrastn\u00ed pom\u011br, d\u00edky n\u011bmu\u017e maj\u00ed tmav\u0161\u00ed \u010dernou a jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed b\u00edlou, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zlep\u0161it celkovou kvalitu obrazu. Displeje LED mohou vytv\u00e1\u0159et \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed barevn\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a brilantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed barvy. Krom\u011b toho maj\u00ed obrazovky LED del\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotnost a jsou obecn\u011b robustn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n

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Naproti tomu obrazovky LCD jsou levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e displeje LED, proto\u017ee jsou na trhu d\u00e9le a jsou hojn\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny. D\u00edky vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni jasu a \u010dasto lep\u0161\u00edm pozorovac\u00edm \u00fahl\u016fm jsou displeje LCD vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed i pro venkovn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho jsou nyn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed technologie LCD i technologie IPS (In-Plane Switching) a OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode), jejich\u017e vlastnosti zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esnost barev a \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed pozorovac\u00ed \u00fahly. <\/p>\n

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Nakonec se rozhodnut\u00ed mezi LED a LCD displejem odv\u00edj\u00ed od okolnost\u00ed, jako je rozpo\u010det, konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pot\u0159eby a osobn\u00ed vkus. P\u0159ed v\u00fdb\u011brem se doporu\u010duje vz\u00edt v \u00favahu individu\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnosti displeje, v\u00fdkon a cenu. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Jak\u00fd je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip LCD?<\/div>\n

Z\u00e1kladem displeje z tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f (LCD) je schopnost tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f manipulovat se sv\u011btlem. Displeje LCD se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed ze dvou polarizovan\u00fdch sklen\u011bn\u00fdch panel\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou oblo\u017eeny vrstvou tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f. V reakci na elektrick\u00fd proud mohou tyto tekut\u00e9 krystaly m\u011bnit svou orientaci. <\/p>\n

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Pokud nen\u00ed dod\u00e1v\u00e1n elektrick\u00fd proud, jsou tekut\u00e9 krystaly zkroucen\u00e9, co\u017e br\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fchodu sv\u011btla. Kapaln\u00e9 krystaly se v\u0161ak po p\u0159iveden\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho proudu vyrovnaj\u00ed a rozpoj\u00ed, co\u017e umo\u017en\u00ed pr\u016fchod sv\u011btla. <\/p>\n

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Displej LCD je rozd\u011blen na mal\u00e9 kousky, tzv. pixely, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed u\u017eivateli zvolit, kolik sv\u011btla jimi projde. Ka\u017ed\u00fd pixel tvo\u0159\u00ed subpixely, kter\u00e9 jsou obvykle \u010derven\u00e9, zelen\u00e9 a modr\u00e9. Nastaven\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9ho na ka\u017ed\u00fd subpixel lze vytvo\u0159it r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b intenzity sv\u011btla, co\u017e vede k po\u017eadovan\u00e9mu odst\u00ednu a jasu. <\/p>\n

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Za panelem LCD je um\u00edst\u011bno podsv\u00edcen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 osv\u011btluje displej. Pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fdch barev proch\u00e1z\u00ed sv\u011btlo tekut\u00fdmi krystaly a je obarveno barevn\u00fdm filtrem. Obr\u00e1zky a grafika na LCD displeji se vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed kombinac\u00ed vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f s barevn\u00fdm filtrem. <\/p>\n

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\u0158\u00edzen\u00e1 manipulace se sv\u011btlem proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm tekut\u00fdmi krystaly pomoc\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho proudu za \u00fa\u010delem vytvo\u0159en\u00ed obrazu a zobrazen\u00ed informac\u00ed je obecn\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00edm p\u0159edpokladem LCD displej\u016f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na jak\u00e9m principu funguj\u00ed LCD monitory? Sv\u011btlo v LCD proch\u00e1z\u00ed dv\u011bma polariza\u010dn\u00edmi vrstvami, filtry dovoluj\u00ed pr\u016fchod pouze sv\u011btlu orientovan\u00e9mu ur\u010dit\u00fdm sm\u011brem. Pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed barevn\u00e9ho obrazu jsou aplikov\u00e1ny barevn\u00e9 filtry na vrchol jednotliv\u00fdch LCD bun\u011bk. K vytvo\u0159en\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e9ho bodu jsou t\u0159i sousedn\u00ed LCD bu\u0148ky nastaveny tak, aby propou\u0161t\u011bly sv\u011btlo. Cached Dal\u0161\u00ed informace najdete na old.pf.jcu.cz LCD … \u010c\u00edst d\u00e1l<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3277,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[225],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-electronics"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5395","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3277"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5395"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5395\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5395"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5395"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5395"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}