{"id":13454,"date":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/jak-funguje-smb-a-comprehensive-guide-to-understanding-smb\/"},"modified":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","slug":"jak-funguje-smb-a-comprehensive-guide-to-understanding-smb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/jak-funguje-smb-a-comprehensive-guide-to-understanding-smb\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak funguje SMB. A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding SMB"},"content":{"rendered":"
P\u0159edstavte se: S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd protokol zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako SMB neboli Server Message Block umo\u017e\u0148uje komunikaci mezi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi p\u0159ipojen\u00fdmi k s\u00edti a sd\u00edlen\u00ed zdroj\u016f, jako jsou soubory a tisk\u00e1rny. Spole\u010dnost Microsoft vytvo\u0159ila protokol SMB, kter\u00fd se stal obl\u00edben\u00fdm protokolem pro sd\u00edlen\u00ed soubor\u016f a tisk\u00e1ren, zejm\u00e9na v syst\u00e9mech se syst\u00e9mem Windows. V tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku prozkoum\u00e1me vnit\u0159n\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed protokolu SMB, jeho mo\u017enosti a pou\u017eit\u00ed v sou\u010dasn\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch. Co je SMB pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky? <\/p>\n
<\/div>\n

SMB m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed se nevyznaj\u00ed v s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 terminologii, obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b pochopiteln\u00fdm pojmem. SMB, zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, zaji\u0161\u0165uje bezprobl\u00e9movou komunikaci a v\u00fdm\u011bnu informac\u00ed mezi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi v\u010detn\u011b po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, server\u016f a s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch jednotek (NAS). U\u017eivatel\u00e9 mohou p\u0159istupovat k soubor\u016fm a slo\u017ek\u00e1m ve vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, jako by byly v jejich vlastn\u00edm m\u00edstn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu, a slou\u017e\u00ed jako z\u00e1klad pro sd\u00edlen\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k soubor\u016fm a tisk\u00e1rn\u00e1m v prost\u0159ed\u00ed Windows. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

SMB nab\u00edz\u00ed standardizovanou metodu interakce za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zaru\u010duje kompatibilitu a interoperabilitu r\u016fzn\u00fdch hardwarov\u00fdch konfigurac\u00ed a opera\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 architekturu klient-server, kde server je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed prost\u0159edky a klient je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed po\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k t\u011bmto prost\u0159edk\u016fm. V r\u00e1mci s\u00edt\u011b tato architektura umo\u017e\u0148uje bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00e9 sd\u00edlen\u00ed zdroj\u016f a spolupr\u00e1ci. Funguje SMB p\u0159es internet? SMB je prim\u00e1rn\u011b ur\u010den pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v m\u00edstn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, kde jsou za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ipojena k jednomu hardwaru, jako je p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d nebo sm\u011brova\u010d. Pou\u017eit\u00ed SMB p\u0159es internet je v\u0161ak dosa\u017eiteln\u00e9 p\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 konfiguraci a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch postupech. \u010casto se k tomu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed priv\u00e1tn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b (VPN) a tak\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed technik bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed port\u016f a omezen\u00ed br\u00e1ny firewall. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed SMB p\u0159es internet p\u0159edstavuje bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed riziko, proto\u017ee vystavuje zraniteln\u00e1 m\u00edsta vniknut\u00ed a \u00fatoku. V d\u016fsledku toho je p\u0159i povolov\u00e1n\u00ed SMB p\u0159es internet nutn\u00e9 zav\u00e9st siln\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu, \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

SMB vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 protokol TCP nebo UDP? TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) je hlavn\u00edm komunika\u010dn\u00edm protokolem, kter\u00fd SMB pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. TCP je protokol orientovan\u00fd na spojen\u00ed, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje spolehliv\u00fd a organizovan\u00fd p\u0159enos dat mezi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi. Nab\u00edz\u00ed mechanismy pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed toku, op\u011btovn\u00e9 odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f a detekci chyb. Protokol TCP je d\u00edky t\u011bmto vlastnostem vhodnou volbou pro SMB, proto\u017ee zaji\u0161\u0165uje konzistenci a integritu p\u0159enos\u016f soubor\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch operac\u00ed. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

A\u010dkoli SMB prim\u00e1rn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 protokol TCP, m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat protokol UDP (User Datagram Protocol) v z\u00e1vislosti na dan\u00e9 \u00faloze. P\u0159esto\u017ee protokol UDP umo\u017e\u0148uje rychlej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159enos ne\u017e protokol TCP, postr\u00e1d\u00e1 spolehlivost a funkce pro opravu chyb protokolu TCP. Pro p\u0159eklad jmen (NetBIOS) nebo po\u017eadavky na proch\u00e1zen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee SMB pou\u017e\u00edvat UDP, kde m\u00e1 rychlost p\u0159ednost p\u0159ed spolehlivost\u00ed. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 SMB protokol TCP? Ano, z\u00e1kladem SMB je protokol TCP\/IP (Transmission Control Protocol\/Internet Protocol), z\u00e1kladn\u00ed protokoly internetu. Z\u00e1kladem komunikace SMB je protokol TCP\/IP, kter\u00fd zaru\u010duje, \u017ee data jsou v s\u00edt\u00edch adresov\u00e1na, sm\u011brov\u00e1na a doru\u010dov\u00e1na vhodn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Protokol TCP\/IP pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 SMB k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed spojen\u00ed, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159enosu dat a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch \u00faloh. Protokol TCP se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro spolehliv\u00fd a \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159enos dat, zat\u00edmco protokol IP slou\u017e\u00ed ke sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed, adresov\u00e1n\u00ed a doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f. Protokoly TCP\/IP a SMB spolu dob\u0159e spolupracuj\u00ed a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00e9 sd\u00edlen\u00ed soubor\u016f a tisk\u00e1ren v m\u00edstn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch i jinde. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Shrnut\u00ed: <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

SMB je nezbytn\u00fd pro efektivn\u00ed sd\u00edlen\u00ed soubor\u016f a tisk\u00e1ren mezi s\u00edt\u011bmi. Nab\u00edz\u00ed definovan\u00fd protokol pro interoperabilitu a kompatibilitu p\u0159i komunikaci za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. SMB lze p\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00edch pou\u017e\u00edvat i p\u0159es internet, p\u0159esto\u017ee byl p\u016fvodn\u011b vytvo\u0159en pro m\u00edstn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 protokol UDP pro rychlej\u0161\u00ed komunikaci p\u0159i n\u011bkter\u00fdch procesech a protokol TCP pro spolehliv\u00fd p\u0159enos dat. Spr\u00e1vci s\u00edt\u00ed i u\u017eivatel\u00e9 mus\u00ed rozum\u011bt fungov\u00e1n\u00ed SMB, proto\u017ee slou\u017e\u00ed jako z\u00e1klad pro p\u0159\u00edstup ke sd\u00edlen\u00fdm prost\u0159edk\u016fm v prost\u0159ed\u00ed Windows.<\/p><\/div>\n

\n
FAQ<\/div>\n
\n
Je FTP rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e SMB?<\/div>\n

Rychlost obou pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch protokol\u016f pro p\u0159enos soubor\u016f – FTP a SMB – se m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na \u0159ad\u011b prom\u011bnn\u00fdch. P\u0159esto se \u010dasto p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee FTP p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed soubory rychleji ne\u017e SMB. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed protokol FTP (File Transfer Protocol) byl vytvo\u0159en speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro v\u00fdm\u011bnu dat mezi klientem a serverem. Na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b je u n\u011bj efektivita a rychlost, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159enosov\u00e9 rychlosti. FTP pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edmo\u010da\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rychlosti p\u0159enosu, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i pos\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch soubor\u016f. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

SMB (Server Message Block) je naproti tomu protokol pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd ke sd\u00edlen\u00ed soubor\u016f, tisk\u00e1ren a dal\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f mezi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi p\u0159ipojen\u00fdmi k s\u00edti. Protokol SMB je p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a m\u00e1 propracovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti, i kdy\u017e nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt tak rychl\u00fd jako FTP. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b skute\u010dnou rychlost p\u0159enosu soubor\u016f m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit \u0159ada prom\u011bnn\u00fdch, jako je stav s\u00edt\u011b, zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed server\u016f a velikost p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch soubor\u016f. Krom\u011b toho v\u00fdkonnostn\u00ed vylep\u0161en\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fdch implementac\u00ed SMB, jako je SMB3, sn\u00ed\u017eila rozd\u00edl v rychlosti mezi SMB a FTP. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee a\u010dkoli je protokol FTP obvykle pova\u017eov\u00e1n za rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e protokol SMB pro p\u0159enos soubor\u016f, v\u00fdkon se m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch a konfigurac\u00edch. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Je SMB ur\u010den pouze pro syst\u00e9m Windows?<\/div>\n

Server Message Block neboli SMB nen\u00ed ur\u010den pouze pro syst\u00e9m Windows. SMB byl p\u016fvodn\u011b vytvo\u0159en spole\u010dnost\u00ed Microsoft pro opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my Windows, a\u010dkoli jej nyn\u00ed p\u0159evzaly i jin\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my. Linux, macOS a dal\u0161\u00ed platformy, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed SMB, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed sd\u00edlen\u00ed soubor\u016f a tisk\u00e1ren mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi. Protokol SMB je d\u00edky sv\u00e9 kompatibilit\u011b b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm protokolem pro sd\u00edlen\u00ed soubor\u016f v s\u00edti v situac\u00edch s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi technologiemi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159edstavte se: S\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fd protokol zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako SMB neboli Server Message Block umo\u017e\u0148uje komunikaci mezi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi p\u0159ipojen\u00fdmi k s\u00edti a sd\u00edlen\u00ed zdroj\u016f, jako jsou soubory a tisk\u00e1rny. Spole\u010dnost Microsoft vytvo\u0159ila protokol SMB, kter\u00fd se stal obl\u00edben\u00fdm protokolem pro sd\u00edlen\u00ed soubor\u016f a tisk\u00e1ren, zejm\u00e9na v syst\u00e9mech se syst\u00e9mem Windows. V tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku prozkoum\u00e1me vnit\u0159n\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed protokolu SMB, … \u010c\u00edst d\u00e1l<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4209,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13454","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-networking"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13454","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4209"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13454"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13454\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13454"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13454"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13454"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}