{"id":12238,"date":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/jak-funguje-smtp-komplexni-pruvodce-prenosem-e-mailu\/"},"modified":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","slug":"jak-funguje-smtp-komplexni-pruvodce-prenosem-e-mailu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/jak-funguje-smtp-komplexni-pruvodce-prenosem-e-mailu\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak funguje SMTP. Komplexn\u00ed pr\u016fvodce p\u0159enosem e-mail\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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How to set SMTP port?<\/div>\n
Windows\u00ae Mail (PC) Under Mail highlight your E-mail account and click Properties. Click the Servers tab and make sure that "My outgoing server (SMTP) requires authentication" is checked. Click the Advanced tab, change the outgoing server port: 465 or 587 for SSL.<\/div>\n
\n\t\t\t\t\t Dal\u0161\u00ed informace najdete na<\/span> www.hostdime.com<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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B\u011b\u017en\u00fd syst\u00e9m pro p\u0159enos e-mail\u016f p\u0159es internet se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 SMTP neboli Simple Mail Transfer system. Jedn\u00e1 se o komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokol, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159enos e-mailov\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v mezi servery. V tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku se budeme zab\u00fdvat slo\u017eitost\u00ed protokolu SMTP, v\u010detn\u011b odpov\u011bd\u00ed na \u010dasto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, nap\u0159\u00edklad zda protokol SMTP pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 protokol TCP nebo UDP, jak se zpr\u00e1vy p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed na servery SMTP, jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi SMTP a SMTPS a zda spole\u010dnost Google pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 protokol SMTP. <\/p>\n

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SMTP pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 protokol TCP nebo UDP? <\/p>\n

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Protokol TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), spolehliv\u00fd a na spojen\u00ed orientovan\u00fd protokol, je hlavn\u00edm p\u0159enosov\u00fdm mechanismem pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm protokolem SMTP. Protokol TCP zaru\u010duje, \u017ee datov\u00e9 pakety jsou odes\u00edl\u00e1ny bez chyb a ve spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00ed protokol pro p\u0159enos e-mail\u016f, kde je integrita zpr\u00e1v z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. D\u00edky pou\u017eit\u00ed protokolu TCP m\u016f\u017ee protokol SMTP nav\u00edc poskytovat funkce, jako je \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed toku, opakovan\u00e9 odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed paket\u016f v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch paket\u016f a detekce chyb, kter\u00e9 zaru\u010duj\u00ed doru\u010den\u00ed e-mailu. <\/p>\n

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Jak odes\u00edlat zpr\u00e1vy na server SMTP<\/p>\n

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Server SMTP, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 na starosti zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed odchoz\u00edch e-mail\u016f, je kontaktov\u00e1n e-mailov\u00fdm klientem odes\u00edlatele za \u00fa\u010delem odesl\u00e1n\u00ed e-mailu. V z\u00e1vislosti na nastaven\u00ed vytvo\u0159\u00ed e-mailov\u00fd klient odes\u00edlatele spojen\u00ed TCP se serverem SMTP na portu 25 nebo 587. V z\u00e1vislosti na nastaven\u00ed vytvo\u0159\u00ed e-mailov\u00fd klient odes\u00edlatele spojen\u00ed TCP se serverem SMTP. Po nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00ed klient zah\u00e1j\u00ed diskusi SMTP odesl\u00e1n\u00edm sekvence p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f na server. <\/p>\n

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V konverzac\u00edch SMTP se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazy jako EHLO (extended hello), kter\u00e9 identifikuj\u00ed klienta a specifikuj\u00ed mo\u017enosti, kter\u00e9 mohou ob\u011b strany poskytnout. Server SMTP ov\u011b\u0159\u00ed adresy, zkontroluje p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fd spam nebo bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed probl\u00e9my a pot\u00e9 pokra\u010duje v doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed e-mailu na server SMTP p\u0159\u00edjemce. Odes\u00edlatel pak zad\u00e1 e-mailovou adresu odes\u00edlatele, uvede obsah e-mailu a dod\u00e1 e-mailovou adresu p\u0159\u00edjemce. Rozd\u00edl mezi protokoly SMTP a SMTPS A\u010dkoli je protokol SMTP \u0161iroce uzn\u00e1van\u00fdm protokolem pro p\u0159enos e-mail\u016f, postr\u00e1d\u00e1 \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e jej \u010din\u00ed zraniteln\u00fdm v\u016f\u010di zachycen\u00ed a odposlechu dat. K p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho probl\u00e9mu byl vytvo\u0159en protokol SMTPS (SMTP Secure). SMTPS je v podstat\u011b protokol SMTP nad protokolem TLS (Transport Layer Security) nebo SSL (Secure Sockets Layer). Za \u00fa\u010delem ochrany soukrom\u00ed a integrity e-mailov\u00e9 komunikace nab\u00edz\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, \u0161ifrovan\u00e9 spojen\u00ed mezi e-mailov\u00fdm klientem a serverem SMTP. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 spole\u010dnost Google protokol SMTP? Spole\u010dnost Google vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 protokol SMTP pro doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed odchoz\u00edch e-mail\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00e9 e-mailov\u00e9 slu\u017eby Gmail. Pro doru\u010den\u00ed e-mailu na server p\u0159\u00edjemce p\u0159i jeho odesl\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm slu\u017eby Gmail komunikuje v\u00e1\u0161 e-mailov\u00fd klient se serverem SMTP spole\u010dnosti Google. Za \u00fa\u010delem zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed nez\u00e1konn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu a zaru\u010den\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159enosu e-mail\u016f vy\u017eaduje server SMTP spole\u010dnosti Google ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, \u010dasto pomoc\u00ed p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f k va\u0161emu \u00fa\u010dtu Gmail. <\/p>\n

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SMTP je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd protokol pro p\u0159enos e-mail\u016f, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 protokol TCP a zaru\u010duje spolehliv\u00e9 a bezchybn\u00e9 doru\u010den\u00ed. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u0159ady p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f vym\u011b\u0148ovan\u00fdch mezi klientem a serverem jsou zpr\u00e1vy p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161eny na server SMTP. Za \u00fa\u010delem zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti nab\u00edz\u00ed protokol SMTPS \u0161ifrovanou verzi protokolu SMTP a spole\u010dnost Google skute\u010dn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 protokol SMTP pro p\u0159enos odchoz\u00ed po\u0161ty prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00e9 slu\u017eby Gmail. Pochopen\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edho fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a slo\u017eitosti e-mailov\u00e9 komunikace na internetu vy\u017eaduje porozum\u011bn\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed protokolu SMTP.<\/p><\/div>\n

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FAQ<\/div>\n
\n
Je 587 TCP nebo UDP?<\/div>\n

Odes\u00edlac\u00ed slu\u017eba SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), kter\u00e1 se obecn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k bezpe\u010dn\u00e9mu p\u0159enosu e-mail\u016f, je p\u0159ipojena k portu \u010d\u00edslo 587. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o port TCP. Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm transportn\u00edm protokolem pro SMTP je protokol TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). Port 587 je tedy TCP a nikoliv UDP. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 protokol SMTP protokol IP?<\/div>\n

Je pravda, \u017ee protokol SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 protokol IP. Odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed e-mail\u016f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch je z\u00e1sadn\u011b \u0159e\u0161eno protokolem aplika\u010dn\u00ed vrstvy zn\u00e1m\u00fdm jako SMTP. E-mailov\u00e1 komunikace se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed mezi po\u0161tovn\u00edmi servery p\u0159es internet pomoc\u00ed protokolu IP. Protokol SMTP vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 IP ke sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed e-mailov\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016fm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm s\u00edt\u011b. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Co se stane, kdy\u017e ode\u0161lete e-mail pomoc\u00ed protokolu SMTP?<\/div>\n

Pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed efektivn\u00edho p\u0159enosu e-mailu p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed protokolu SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) prob\u00edhaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 procesy: 1. Naps\u00e1n\u00ed e-mailu: Vytvo\u0159\u00edte e-mailovou zpr\u00e1vu, v\u010detn\u011b t\u00e9matu, textu a e-mailov\u00e9 adresy p\u0159\u00edjemce. 2. Nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed spojen\u00ed se serverem SMTP: V\u00e1\u0161 e-mailov\u00fd klient (nap\u0159\u00edklad Outlook nebo Gmail) se p\u0159ipoj\u00ed k serveru SMTP, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 na starosti spr\u00e1vu odchoz\u00edch e-mail\u016f. 3. Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pravosti: Pokud si to server SMTP vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1, mus\u00edte zadat sv\u00e9 pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed (u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no a heslo), abyste potvrdili svou toto\u017enost a ud\u011blili povolen\u00ed k p\u0159enosu e-mailu. 4. Ur\u010den\u00ed serveru p\u0159\u00edjemce: Server SMTP prozkoum\u00e1 e-mailovou adresu p\u0159\u00edjemce, aby zjistil n\u00e1zev dom\u00e9ny (nap\u0159\u00edklad gmail.com), a pot\u00e9 ur\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd po\u0161tovn\u00ed server, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 na starosti p\u0159\u00edjem e-mail\u016f pro tuto dom\u00e9nu. 5. Odesl\u00e1n\u00ed e-mailu: V\u00e1\u0161 e-mailov\u00fd klient pou\u017eije protokol SMTP k doru\u010den\u00ed e-mailu na po\u0161tovn\u00ed server p\u0159\u00edjemce. E-mail je p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1n na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 m\u00edsto prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm serveru SMTP. <\/p>\n

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6. Ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed serveru p\u0159\u00edjemce: Aby bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee po\u0161tovn\u00ed server p\u0159\u00edjemce je k dispozici a p\u0159ipraven zpracovat e-mail, spoj\u00ed se s n\u00edm odes\u00edlaj\u00edc\u00ed server SMTP. Odes\u00edlaj\u00edc\u00ed a p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00ed server SMTP nav\u00e1\u017e\u00ed spojen\u00ed a vyjednaj\u00ed podm\u00ednky p\u0159enosu e-mailu, v\u010detn\u011b podporovan\u00fdch technik \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edch parametr\u016f. <\/p>\n

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7. Handshaking a vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n

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8. Spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00e9ho komunika\u010dn\u00edho kan\u00e1lu (voliteln\u00e9): Pro ochranu obsahu e-mailu b\u011bhem jeho p\u0159enosu mohou oba servery, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed, zah\u00e1jit zabezpe\u010den\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00ed kan\u00e1l (TLS\/SSL). 9. P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed: E-mail je p\u0159ed\u00e1n z odes\u00edlaj\u00edc\u00edho serveru na p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00ed server, kter\u00fd jej do\u010dasn\u011b uchov\u00e1, dokud si jej e-mailov\u00fd klient p\u0159\u00edjemce nest\u00e1hne. Potvrzen\u00ed o doru\u010den\u00ed: Pro potvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee e-mail byl \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b p\u0159ijat, ode\u0161le p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed server odes\u00edlaj\u00edc\u00edmu serveru zpr\u00e1vu o potvrzen\u00ed doru\u010den\u00ed (k\u00f3d odpov\u011bdi SMTP). <\/p>\n

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11. Z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed e-mailu: Pro obnoven\u00ed e-mailu a jeho zobrazen\u00ed ve schr\u00e1nce p\u0159\u00edjemce nav\u00e1\u017ee e-mailov\u00fd klient p\u0159\u00edjemce (nap\u0159\u00edklad Outlook nebo Gmail) spojen\u00ed s p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00edm serverem pomoc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho protokolu (POP3, IMAP). <\/p>\n

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Obecn\u011b protokol SMTP zaru\u010duje efektivn\u00ed a spolehliv\u00fd p\u0159enos e-mail\u016f mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi servery a s\u00edt\u011bmi a usnad\u0148uje bezprobl\u00e9movou komunikaci mezi odes\u00edlateli a p\u0159\u00edjemci.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

How to set SMTP port? Windows\u00ae Mail (PC) Under Mail highlight your E-mail account and click Properties. Click the Servers tab and make sure that "My outgoing server (SMTP) requires authentication" is checked. Click the Advanced tab, change the outgoing server port: 465 or 587 for SSL. Dal\u0161\u00ed informace najdete na www.hostdime.com B\u011b\u017en\u00fd syst\u00e9m pro … \u010c\u00edst d\u00e1l<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":322,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4656],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-e-mailovy-protokol"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12238","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/322"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12238"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12238\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12238"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12238"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12238"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}