{"id":11777,"date":"2024-07-10T14:06:27","date_gmt":"2024-07-10T14:06:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/?p=11777"},"modified":"2024-07-10T14:06:27","modified_gmt":"2024-07-10T14:06:27","slug":"oktet-ipv4-predstavuje-8-binarnich-bitu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/oktet-ipv4-predstavuje-8-binarnich-bitu\/","title":{"rendered":"Oktet IPv4 p\u0159edstavuje 8 bin\u00e1rn\u00edch bit\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
Kolik bit\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed IPv4 adresu?<\/div>\n
IP adresou je v IPv4 32bitov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 je definov\u00e1no jako \u010dty\u0159i oktety, tj. \u010dty\u0159i osmice bit\u016f (ne v\u0161echny po\u010d\u00edta\u010de v minulosti pou\u017e\u00edvaly osmibitov\u00e9 slovo, resp. bajt). V b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m textu je IP adresa zapisov\u00e1na \u010dty\u0159mi des\u00edtkov\u00fdmi \u010d\u00edsly odd\u011blen\u00fdmi te\u010dkami, kde ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo reprezentuje jednu osmici z IP adresy (tj. <\/div>\n
\n\t\t\t\t\t Dal\u0161\u00ed informace najdete na<\/span> cs.wikipedia.org<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
P\u0159edstavte se: \u010ctvrt\u00e1 generace internetov\u00e9ho protokolu neboli IPv4 umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby se za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed navz\u00e1jem spojovala prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm internetu. Adresn\u00ed prostor v adrese IPv4 je rozd\u011blen na \u010dty\u0159i \u010d\u00e1sti, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 se ozna\u010duje jako oktet. Hlavn\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou je, kolik bin\u00e1rn\u00edch bit\u016f p\u0159edstavuje ka\u017ed\u00fd oktet. Krom\u011b \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch ot\u00e1zek, nap\u0159\u00edklad zda je IPv4 rozd\u011blen na \u010dty\u0159i oktety, po\u010dtu bin\u00e1rn\u00edch oktet\u016f v adrese IPv4, celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu bit\u016f v adrese IPv4 a velikosti jednoho oktetu v adrese IPv4, se tento \u010dl\u00e1nek sna\u017e\u00ed nab\u00eddnout d\u016fkladnou odpov\u011b\u010f na tuto ot\u00e1zku. <\/p>\n
<\/div>\n

Kolik bin\u00e1rn\u00edch oktet\u016f m\u00e1 adresa IPv4? <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\u010cty\u0159i oktety neboli sekce, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed adresu IPv4, jsou odd\u011bleny te\u010dkami. Ka\u017ed\u00fd oktet od 0 do 255 p\u0159edstavuje samostatnou hodnotu. Adresa IPv4 se tedy skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze \u010dty\u0159 bin\u00e1rn\u00edch oktet\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00fd oktet je v bin\u00e1rn\u00edm z\u00e1pisu reprezentov\u00e1n 8 bity. Adresa IPv4 m\u00e1 tedy celkem 4 bin\u00e1rn\u00ed oktety. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Jak\u00fd po\u010det bit\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed adresu IPv4? Jak ji\u017e bylo vysv\u011btleno, adresa IPv4 m\u00e1 8 bit\u016f, kter\u00e9 reprezentuj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd oktet. Proto\u017ee jsou celkem \u010dty\u0159i oktety, m\u016f\u017eeme po\u010det oktet\u016f vyn\u00e1sobit po\u010dtem bit\u016f na oktet a ur\u010dit celkov\u00fd po\u010det bit\u016f v adrese IPv4. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee adresa IPv4 se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze 4 oktet\u016f po 8 bitech, co\u017e je celkem 32 bit\u016f. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

M\u00e1 IPv4 \u010dty\u0159i oktety? <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Je pravda, \u017ee IPv4 je rozd\u011blen na \u010dty\u0159i oktety. D\u00edky tomuto rozd\u011blen\u00ed lze nyn\u00ed adresn\u00ed prostor l\u00e9pe zn\u00e1zornit a pochopit. Ka\u017ed\u00fd oktet p\u0159edstavuje des\u00edtkovou hodnotu od 0 do 255, co\u017e ve dvojkov\u00e9 soustav\u011b znamen\u00e1 00000000 a\u017e 11111111. Adresy IPv4 lze zapsat v \u010diteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm form\u00e1tu, nap\u0159\u00edklad 192.168.0.1, rozd\u011blen\u00edm adresy na \u010dty\u0159i oktety. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Jak\u00e1 je velikost prvn\u00edho oktetu adresy IPv4? Adresa IPv4 m\u00e1 oktet o velikosti 8 bit\u016f. Osm bit\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed oktet, b\u011b\u017en\u011b ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako bajt, co\u017e je jednotka digit\u00e1ln\u00edch dat. Ka\u017ed\u00fd bit m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt pouze hodnotu 0 nebo 1, co\u017e d\u00e1v\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9mu oktetu celkem 256 potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed (28). V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee adresn\u00ed prostor IPv4 m\u016f\u017ee pojmout velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch adres. <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00fd verdikt: <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Oktet IPv4 p\u0159edstavuje 8 bin\u00e1rn\u00edch bit\u016f. Adresa IPv4 se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze \u010dty\u0159 8bitov\u00fdch jednotek zvan\u00fdch oktety, kter\u00e9 dohromady tvo\u0159\u00ed cel\u00fdch 32 bit\u016f adresy. Toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje srozumiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed adresn\u00edho prostoru. Rozsah mo\u017en\u00fdch hodnot pro ka\u017ed\u00fd oktet, od 0 do 255, umo\u017e\u0148uje vytvo\u0159it velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch adres. Ve sv\u011bt\u011b s\u00edt\u00ed a internetov\u00e9 komunikace je nezbytn\u00e9 pochopit form\u00e1t a d\u00e9lku adresy IPv4.<\/p><\/div>\n

\n
FAQ<\/div>\n
\n
Pro\u010d je po\u010det oktet\u016f IPv4 omezen na 255?<\/div>\n

K reprezentaci adres IPv4 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i oktety, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd obsahuje osm bin\u00e1rn\u00edch bit\u016f. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd oktet m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnotu pouze 28 – 1, tedy 255. Toto omezen\u00ed je d\u016fsledkem konstruk\u010dn\u00edho rozhodnut\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00e9ho p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji protokolu IPv4. Celkem existuje 232 mo\u017en\u00fdch adres IPv4, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd oktet m\u00e1 8 bit\u016f. Ka\u017ed\u00fd oktet byl nastaven na maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnotu 255, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 adresn\u00ed prostor spravovat a efektivn\u011b p\u0159id\u011blovat adresy, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vzniklo celkem zhruba 4,3 miliardy r\u016fzn\u00fdch adres. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Kolik bit\u016f m\u00e1 IPv4 a IPv6?<\/div>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od protokolu IPv6, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 128bitov\u00fd form\u00e1t adres, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 protokol IPv4 32bitov\u00fd form\u00e1t. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Co je oktet adresy IP?<\/div>\n

Oktet adresy IP je sada 8 bit\u016f, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st adresy IPv4 a jsou b\u011b\u017en\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159eny v des\u00edtkov\u00e9 soustav\u011b. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Kolik bit\u016f obsahuje IPv4?<\/div>\n

IPv4 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 32 bit\u016f. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
M\u016f\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd oktet IPv4 obsahovat 8 bit\u016f bin\u00e1rn\u00ed hodnoty?<\/div>\n

Ano, v ka\u017ed\u00e9m oktetu IPv4 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ulo\u017eena 8bitov\u00e1 bin\u00e1rn\u00ed hodnota. Ka\u017ed\u00fd ze \u010dty\u0159 oktet\u016f tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch adresu IPv4 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 sad\u011b osmi bin\u00e1rn\u00edch bit\u016f. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd oktet, kter\u00fd odpov\u00edd\u00e1 8 bit\u016fm bin\u00e1rn\u00edho k\u00f3du, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt hodnotu od 0 do 255. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Je IPv4 16bitov\u00fd?<\/div>\n

IPv4 nen\u00ed 16bitov\u00fd, tedy ne. Jako reprezentace adresy IPv4 slou\u017e\u00ed 32bitov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo rozd\u011blen\u00e9 do \u010dty\u0159 oktet\u016f (ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich p\u0159edstavuje 8 bit\u016f). Adresa IPv4 se tedy skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze \u010dty\u0159 oktet\u016f neboli 32 bit\u016f. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
Je IPv4 128bitov\u00fd?<\/div>\n

IPv4 nen\u00ed 128bitov\u00fd, tak\u017ee ne. Adresu IPv4 tvo\u0159\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i oktety neboli 32 bin\u00e1rn\u00edch bit\u016f, co\u017e je zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm je reprezentov\u00e1na v po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch. Adresa IPv4 se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 celkem z 32 bit\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd oktet odpov\u00edd\u00e1 8 bit\u016fm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kolik bit\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed IPv4 adresu? IP adresou je v IPv4 32bitov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 je definov\u00e1no jako \u010dty\u0159i oktety, tj. \u010dty\u0159i osmice bit\u016f (ne v\u0161echny po\u010d\u00edta\u010de v minulosti pou\u017e\u00edvaly osmibitov\u00e9 slovo, resp. bajt). V b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m textu je IP adresa zapisov\u00e1na \u010dty\u0159mi des\u00edtkov\u00fdmi \u010d\u00edsly odd\u011blen\u00fdmi te\u010dkami, kde ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo reprezentuje jednu osmici z IP adresy (tj. Dal\u0161\u00ed … \u010c\u00edst d\u00e1l<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4464,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-networking"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11777","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4464"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11777"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11777\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16172,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11777\/revisions\/16172"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11777"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11777"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11777"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}