{"id":10085,"date":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/jak-funguje-led\/"},"modified":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T00:00:00","slug":"jak-funguje-led","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/jak-funguje-led\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak funguje LED?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"articlecontent\">\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> Obliba LED sv\u011btel, zn\u00e1m\u00fdch tak\u00e9 jako sv\u011bteln\u00e9 diody, v posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolika letech vzrostla d\u00edky jejich vysok\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti a odolnosti. Zaj\u00edmalo v\u00e1s v\u0161ak n\u011bkdy, jak tyto mal\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky funguj\u00ed? V tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku prozkoum\u00e1me vnit\u0159n\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed LED sv\u011btel a odpov\u00edme na n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010dasto kladen\u00e9 dotazy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se t\u011bchto sv\u011btel. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> Abychom pochopili, jak LED sv\u011btla funguj\u00ed, mus\u00edme nejprve pochopit z\u00e1klady diod. Elektronick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se dv\u011bma v\u00fdvody zvan\u00e9 dioda umo\u017e\u0148uje pr\u016fchod elektrick\u00e9ho proudu jedn\u00edm sm\u011brem, zat\u00edmco v druh\u00e9m sm\u011bru jej blokuje. Tato vlastnost se ozna\u010duje jako &#8222;p-n p\u0159echod&#8220; diody. Polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly p-typu a n-typu se kombinuj\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed p-n p\u0159echod. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> K vytvo\u0159en\u00ed p-n p\u0159echodu v LED se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed polovodi\u010de jako arsenid galia (GaAs), fosfid galia (GaP) nebo nitrid galia (GaN). Elektrony z n-strany p\u0159echodu a d\u00edry z p-strany jsou tla\u010deny sm\u011brem k p\u0159echodu, kdy\u017e je na LED p\u0159ivedeno dop\u0159edn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Sv\u011btlo vznik\u00e1 v d\u016fsledku rekombinace t\u011bchto elektron\u016f a d\u011br p\u0159i jejich sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1ch. Energetick\u00e9 p\u00e1smo pou\u017eit\u00e9ho polovodi\u010dov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu ur\u010duje odst\u00edn vyza\u0159ovan\u00e9ho sv\u011btla. LED diody lze vyr\u00e1b\u011bt v r\u016fzn\u00fdch odst\u00ednech, v\u010detn\u011b \u010derven\u00e9, zelen\u00e9, modr\u00e9 a dokonce ultrafialov\u00e9, a to d\u00edky r\u016fzn\u00fdm p\u00e1smov\u00fdm mezer\u00e1m r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> Nyn\u00ed probereme d\u016fvod, pro\u010d sv\u011btla LED sv\u00edt\u00ed, i kdy\u017e jsou vypnut\u00e1. Pro tento jev se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 term\u00edn unikaj\u00edc\u00ed proud. Kv\u016fli vad\u00e1m materi\u00e1l\u016f a p-n p\u0159echodu m\u016f\u017ee LED diodou proch\u00e1zet nepatrn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed proudu, i kdy\u017e je vypnut\u00e1. Obvykle je tento unikaj\u00edc\u00ed proud tak mal\u00fd, \u017ee jej lidsk\u00fdm okem nelze pozorovat. \u00danikov\u00fd proud v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u00fd k tomu, aby LED dioda za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed slab\u011b sv\u00edtila, nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e je vystavena vysok\u00e9mu nap\u011bt\u00ed. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> Nyn\u00ed se mus\u00edme znovu pod\u00edvat na p-n p\u0159echod, abychom pochopili, jak LED dioda vede energii. P-n p\u0159echod funguje jako izolant v p\u0159irozen\u00e9m stavu, kdy na n\u011bj nen\u00ed p\u0159ivedeno \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. Elektrony z n-strany v\u0161ak z\u00edskaj\u00ed dostate\u010dnou energii, kdy\u017e je p\u0159ivedeno dop\u0159edn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, aby prorazily energetickou bari\u00e9ru a p\u0159esunuly se na p-stranu. D\u00edky vodiv\u00e9 cest\u011b, kter\u00e1 se v d\u016fsledku toho vytvo\u0159\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee prot\u00e9kat elektrick\u00fd proud. V z\u00e1vislosti na sm\u011bru p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed funguje p-n p\u0159echod jako sp\u00edna\u010d, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje nebo zabra\u0148uje pr\u016ftoku proudu. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> Poj\u010fme se kone\u010dn\u011b v\u011bnovat ot\u00e1zce, pro\u010d b\u00edl\u00e9 LED diody mohou \u010dasem ob\u010das zmodrat. Pro v\u00fdrobu b\u00edl\u00fdch LED se obvykle pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 modr\u00fd LED \u010dip s fosforovou vrstvou. P\u0159em\u011bnou \u010d\u00e1sti modr\u00e9ho sv\u011btla na jin\u00e9 odst\u00edny, v\u010detn\u011b \u017elut\u00e9ho, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tato fosforov\u00e1 vrstva \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum sv\u011btla, kter\u00e9 se lidsk\u00fdm o\u010d\u00edm jev\u00ed jako b\u00edl\u00e9. Fosforov\u00fd povlak se v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee \u010dasem zhor\u0161it, tak\u017ee modr\u00e9 sv\u011btlo p\u0159evl\u00e1dne a dioda LED z\u00edsk\u00e1 namodral\u00fd odst\u00edn. K t\u00e9to degradaci m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u00edvat \u0159ada faktor\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b tepla, vlhkosti a chemick\u00fdch proces\u016f uvnit\u0159 diody LED. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> Z\u00e1v\u011brem lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee sv\u011bteln\u00e9 diody LED funguj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b rekombinace elektron\u016f a d\u011br na p-n p\u0159echodu, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 vlastnost\u00ed polovodi\u010d\u016f k v\u00fdrob\u011b sv\u011btla. P\u00e1sov\u00e1 propust polovodi\u010dov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu ovliv\u0148uje barvu vyza\u0159ovan\u00e9ho sv\u011btla. Unikaj\u00edc\u00ed proud zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee LED diody p\u0159i vypnut\u00e9m stavu sv\u00edt\u00ed, a kdy\u017e se na p-n p\u0159echod p\u0159ivede dop\u0159edn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, vedou elektrick\u00fd proud. V neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b mohou b\u00edl\u00e9 diody LED \u010dasem zmodrat v d\u016fsledku po\u0161kozen\u00ed fosforov\u00e9ho povlaku. Pochopen\u00edm t\u011bchto z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pojm\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme ocenit technologii sv\u011bteln\u00fdch diod LED a jejich mnohostrann\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"questions\">\n<div class=\"questionstitle\">FAQ<\/div>\n<div class=\"question\">\n<div class=\"qtitle\"> Pro\u010d jsou sv\u011btla LED tak b\u00edl\u00e1?<\/div>\n<p> Proto\u017ee kombinuj\u00ed n\u011bkolik odli\u0161n\u00fdch barevn\u00fdch diod LED, obvykle modr\u00fdch diod LED s fosforov\u00fdm povlakem, maj\u00ed sv\u011btla LED zd\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee jsou b\u00edl\u00e1. Kdy\u017e modr\u00e9 sv\u011btlo dopad\u00e1 na fosforov\u00fd povlak, vyza\u0159uje \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum sv\u011btla, kter\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 oko vn\u00edm\u00e1 jako b\u00edl\u00e9. Slo\u017een\u00ed a tlou\u0161\u0165ku fosforov\u00e9ho povlaku lze m\u011bnit a m\u011bnit tak specifickou barevnou teplotu b\u00edl\u00e9ho sv\u011btla, co\u017e poskytuje r\u016fzn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti b\u00edl\u00e9ho sv\u011btla. Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d jsou sv\u011btla LED tak obl\u00edben\u00e1 a \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, je jejich p\u0159izp\u016fsobivost. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"question\">\n<div class=\"qtitle\"> Pro\u010d LED sv\u011btla sv\u00edt\u00ed?<\/div>\n<p> N\u011bkdy mohou sv\u011btla LED zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee se pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se objekty jev\u00ed jako &#8222;duchov\u00e9&#8220; nebo zanech\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u011btelnou stopu. Tomuto jevu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 perzistence vid\u011bn\u00ed. Kdy\u017e polovodi\u010dovou l\u00e1tkou prot\u00e9k\u00e1 elektrick\u00fd proud, za\u010dnou sv\u011btla LED vyza\u0159ovat sv\u011btlo. LED diody v\u0161ak nevyza\u0159uj\u00ed sv\u011btlo nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b jako b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1rovky. M\u00edsto toho rychle st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed rozsv\u00edcen\u00ed a zhasnut\u00ed, obvykle tis\u00edckr\u00e1t za sekundu. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> Sv\u011btlo LED vyza\u0159uje sv\u011btlo, kdy\u017e je zapnuto, ale kdy\u017e je vypnuto, sv\u011btlo rychle zmiz\u00ed. Po ur\u010ditou dobu po zhasnut\u00ed v\u0161ak na\u0161e o\u010di a mozek sv\u011btlo d\u00edky ur\u010dit\u00e9 perzistenci st\u00e1le vid\u00ed. Tato perzistence spolu s rychl\u00fdm zap\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm a vyp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u011btel LED m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobovat jev duch\u016f. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> Vzhledem k perzistenci vid\u011bn\u00ed, kdy\u017e se p\u0159edm\u011bt rychle pohybuje p\u0159ed sv\u011btlem LED, na\u0161e o\u010di zachyt\u00ed sv\u011btlo generovan\u00e9 diodou LED a vid\u00ed ho jako stopu nebo obraz ducha. Na rozd\u00edl od jin\u00fdch typ\u016f osv\u011btlen\u00ed maj\u00ed sv\u011btla LED rychlej\u0161\u00ed reak\u010dn\u00ed dobu, tak\u017ee tento efekt je v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Intenzitu a trv\u00e1n\u00ed efektu duch\u016f m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit tak\u00e9 barva a jas diody LED a rychlost a vzd\u00e1lenost pohybuj\u00edc\u00edho se p\u0159edm\u011btu. <\/p>\n<div class=\"newlinediv\"><\/div>\n<p> Celkov\u011b lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee sv\u011btla LED vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed duchy d\u00edky rychl\u00e9mu cyklu zap\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a vyp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011btla a schopnosti na\u0161ich o\u010d\u00ed a mozku zachovat vid\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Obliba LED sv\u011btel, zn\u00e1m\u00fdch tak\u00e9 jako sv\u011bteln\u00e9 diody, v posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolika letech vzrostla d\u00edky jejich vysok\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti a odolnosti. Zaj\u00edmalo v\u00e1s v\u0161ak n\u011bkdy, jak tyto mal\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky funguj\u00ed? V tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku prozkoum\u00e1me vnit\u0159n\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed LED sv\u011btel a odpov\u00edme na n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010dasto kladen\u00e9 dotazy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se t\u011bchto sv\u011btel. Abychom pochopili, jak LED sv\u011btla funguj\u00ed, &#8230; <a title=\"Jak funguje LED?\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/jak-funguje-led\/\" aria-label=\"\u010c\u00edst v\u00edce o Jak funguje LED?\">\u010c\u00edst d\u00e1l<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2758,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3879],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10085","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technologie-led"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10085","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2758"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10085"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10085\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10085"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10085"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tech-lib.eu\/tech\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10085"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}